ARC/INFO® or ArcView® shape files provide the easiest method to import GIS data into WMS. Unfortunately the shape file format is extremely redundant, meaning that points or lines that are shared by lines or polygons are multiply defined.
Therefore, in order for you to convert a shape file to a WMS coverage it may take up to several minutes (depending on size) to build the correct line or polygon topology. This was very problematic in previous versions because WMS often bogged down when reading moderately large files. This is one of the primary reasons that the GIS module was developed and with or without a license to ArcObjects shapefile data can now be managed better by WMS.
With the addition of the GIS module there are now two different ways to import shapefile data.
The first is the traditional method which allows you to load a shapefile layer (or a point, line, and polygon shapefile layer in the case of the drainage coverage) directly into a coverage, using the File | Open command.
You can then map attribute fields of the shapefiles database (.dbf) file to their pertinent WMS parameters (some key words are automatically recognized as listed in the table below.
When opening a shapefile in the GIS module using the Add Shapefile Data or Add Data commands WMS first reads the points/lines/polygons into a simple display list and does not try to "build" topology by connecting arcs at nodes, and eliminating shared edges of polygons as required when creating a coverage. This makes the display and selection of the polygons much easier and more efficient. You can then select only the polygons you wish to convert to a coverage and map them. In this way you will only be building topology for the selected polygons.
If you intend to use the data from the shape file in more than one session you should save it as a WMS map file after importing/mapping the first time. Further, after importing the shape files you may wish to consider the following:
Clean the feature objects in order to snap nodes within a certain distance, intersect arcs, and eliminate dangling arcs.
Reorder Streams for arcs which will be used as stream arcs. WMS requires that the direction of an arc (from-node to to-node) be from “downstream” to “upstream.”
Build Polygon so that WMS can define the topologic tree used for hydrologic modeling. After intersection of arcs, reordering of streams, etc. it is often necessary to rebuild the polygon topology so that the topologic structure is consistent with the tree used for hydrologic modeling.
The following key words are used to automatically map shapefile (dbase or .dbf) attribute field names to data within WMS.
Keyword names to map Shape file attribute item names to WMS variables:
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Parameter |
Name |
Description/Possible Values |
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Point Attributes |
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Drainage Point type |
draintype |
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* | |||||||||||||||
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Terminus Combine name |
comname |
HEC-1 terminus name |
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Terminus Route name |
rtename |
HEC-1 route name |
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LA County reach type |
la_type |
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LA County reach location |
la_loc |
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LA County reach lateral |
la_lateral |
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LA County reach slope |
la_slope |
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LA County reach length |
la_length |
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LA County reach n |
la_n |
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LA County reach side n |
la_siden |
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LA County reach side slope |
la_sideslp |
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LA County reach depth |
la_depth |
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LA County reach channel def |
la_chdef |
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LA County reach char width |
la_charw |
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LA County reach velocity |
la_vel |
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LA County reach detail |
la_detail |
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LA County reach hydrograph |
la_hydrog |
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LA County reach input hydrograph |
la_inhydro |
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LA County reach input hydrograph area |
la_inharea |
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LA County reach relief |
la_relief |
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LA County reach trap |
la_trap |
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LA County reach size |
la_size |
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LA County reach capacity |
la_capc |
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LA County reach bulked flow |
la_bulkedf |
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LA County reach reservoir routing |
la_resrt |
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LA County reach initial pool elev |
la_initp |
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LA County reach street width |
la_streetw |
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LA County reach curb height |
la_curbh |
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GSSHA Point type |
casctype |
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Link id |
linkid |
GSSHA |
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Free flow coefficient |
ffcoeff |
GSSHA |
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Crest width |
crestwid |
GSSHA |
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Crest elevation |
crestelev |
GSSHA |
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Flooded coefficient |
floodcoef |
GSSHA |
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Gage depth |
gagedepth |
Rain gage depth for gage coverage |
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Z coordinate |
elevation |
This changes the Z-coordinate of the point |
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Arc Attributes |
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Drainage arc type |
draintype |
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* | |||||||||||||||
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GSSHA arc type |
casctype |
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Link ID |
linkid |
GSSHA Link ID |
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Manning's |
cmannings |
GSSHA Manning's "n" value |
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Bottom width |
bwidth |
GSSHA bottom width |
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Channel depth |
chdepth |
GSSHA channel depth |
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Side slope |
sideslope |
GSSHA side slope |
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M River |
mriver |
GSSHA M-River value |
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K River |
kriver |
GSSHA K-River value |
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Arc Elevation |
elevation |
Arc point elevation |
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Flood barrier elevation |
fbelev |
Flood barrier elevation |
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Polygon Attributes |
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Drainage polygon type |
draintype |
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* | |||||||||||||||
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Drainage basin id |
basinid |
Drainage basin id (integer) |
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sub-basin area |
basinarea |
Basin area (float) |
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sub-basin slope |
basinslop |
Average slope within the sub-basin (float) |
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sub-basin maximum flow distance |
mfdist |
Max flow path, including overland and stream flow (float) |
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sub-basin max flow distance slope |
mfdslope |
Slope along the max flow path as defined above (float) |
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sub-basin distance to centroid |
centdist |
Distance from centroid to closest point on main channel (float) |
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sub-basin stream centroid to outlet |
centout |
Distance from point in stream closest to centroid to outlet (float) |
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sub-basin slope from centroid to outlet |
slcentout |
Slope along the distance defined above (float) |
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sub-basin percent southfacing |
psouth |
Percentage of area facing south, 0.0-1.0 (float) |
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sub-basin percent northfacing |
pnorth |
Percent of area facing north, 0.0-1.0 (float) |
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sub-basin maximum stream length |
mstdist |
The longest stream distance within the basin (float) |
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sub-basin maximum stream slope |
mstslope |
The slope along the longest stream distance (float) |
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sub-basin length |
basinlen |
Distance to furthest point along basin perimeter (float) |
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sub-basin shape factor |
shapefact |
Basin length divided by basin area (float) |
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sub-basin sinuosity factor |
sinuosity |
Maximum stream length divided by basin length (float) |
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sub-basin perimeter |
perimeter |
Perimeter of basin (float) |
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sub-basin average elevation |
meanelev |
Average elevation (float) |
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sub-basin centroid |
centroidx |
Basin centroid, closest point in basin if centroid is outside of the basin (X-coord) (float) |
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sub-basin centroid |
centroidy |
Basin centroid, closest point in basin if centroid is outside of the basin (Y-coord) (float) |
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sub-basin name |
basinname |
Basin name (string) |
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sub-basin lagtime |
lagtime |
Lag time, in Hours (float) |
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sub-basin time of concentration |
tc |
Time of Concentration, in hours (float) |
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sub-basin SCS curve number |
cn |
SCS Curve number computed from hydrologic soil type and land use (Integer) |
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sub-basin initial abstraction |
ia |
Initial abstraction used for the HEC-1 Green and Ampt method |
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sub-basin volumetric moisture deficit |
dtheta |
Volumetric moisture deficit used for the HEC-1 Green and Ampt method |
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sub-basin wetting front suction |
psif |
Wetting front suction used for the HEC-1 Green and Ampt method |
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sub-basin hydraulic conductivity |
xksat |
Hydraulic conductivity used for the HEC-1 Green and Ampt method |
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sub-basin percent impervious |
rtimp |
Percent impervious used for the HEC-1 Green and Ampt method |
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sub-basin Maricopa County adjusted slope |
adjslope |
Maricopa County adjusted slope for computing Clark Tc and R values |
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sub-basin Clark R value |
clarkr |
Clark R value for the HEC-1 Clark unit hydrograph method |
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sub-basin average precipitation |
precip |
Basin average precipitation, in inches (float) |
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sub-basin LA County lateral |
la_lateral |
LA County lateral |
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sub-basin LA County location |
la_loc |
LA County location |
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sub-basin LA County rainfall depth |
la_raind |
LA County rainfall depth |
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sub-basin LA County Tc |
la_tc |
LA County Tc |
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sub-basin LA County percent impervious |
la_imprv |
LA County percent impervious |
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sub-basin LA County soil number |
la_soil |
LA County soil number |
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sub-basin LA County basin hydrograph |
la_hydrog |
LA County basin hydrograph |
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sub-basin LA County basin bulked flow |
la_bulkedf |
LA County basin bulked flow |
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landuse |
lu_code |
Land use code from the SCS land use table. Possible values range from 0-127 |
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Land use join ID |
mu_code |
Land use join ID |
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Percent impervious |
imperv_ |
LA County percent impervious |
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soil type |
hydgrp |
SCS Soil type, A, B, C, or D or 0, 1, 2, or 3 |
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soil type (LA County) |
class |
LA County soil type |
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sub-basin rainfall depth |
rainfall |
Rainfall depth |
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runoff coefficient, C |
runoffc |
Rational method runoff coefficient, C (float) |
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GSSHA polygon type |
casctype |
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GSSHA leakage discharge |
ldis |
GSSHA leakage discharge |
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GSSHA spillway width |
spwidth |
GSSHA spillway width |
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GSSHA discharge coefficient |
discoeff |
GSSHA discharge coefficient |
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GSSHA water elevation |
welev |
GSSHA water elevation |
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GSSHA spillway crest |
spillcres |
GSSHA spillway crest |
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Rainfall zone ID |
rnzone_ |
Rainfall zone ID |
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Rainfall zone name |
name |
Rainfall zone name |
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DPA zone |
dpa_zones |
DPA zone |
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Flood area |
fexarea |
Flood area |
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Flood depth |
fexdepth |
Flood depth |
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Flood class ID |
fexcid |
Flood class ID |
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Flood class name |
fexcname |
Flood class name |
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NFF state |
state |
NFF state (2-letter state abbreviation, e.g. UT = Utah) |
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NFF state's region |
nff_region |
NFF region in state |
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* means this is essential to import into WMS and create a watershed model directly. The three essential items are point, arc, and polygon types. The general stream arc should be used to represent a stream in a watershed model. The boundary polygon type should be used to represent a polygon boundary. The outlet point type should be used to represent a watershed outlet or sub-basin outlet point.
In order to import shapefile attributes into WMS and build a tree automatically, the following conditions must be met:
A point coverage containing watershed and sub-basin outlets with the appropriate type (outlet point) attribute defined must exist.
An arc, or line, coverage containing streams in the watershed with the appropriate type (general stream) attribute defined must exist.
A polygon coverage containing watershed boundaries must exist.
There cannot be any overlapping arcs.
Stream arcs must be created from the downstream to the upstream node for all stream arcs.
If a data value in the shapefile corresponds to a WMS variable but it is not defined with the appropriate keyword it can be mapped manually using the Attribute Mapping dialog. One item from the database fields window is selected and the corresponding coverage attribute field is also identified. Finally, the Map button is selected to define a new mapped attribute. The Unmap button can be used to remove a pair of mapped fields.
Related Topics:
Supported WMS File Formats
Feature Object Guidelines
GIS Module
Mapping GIS Layer Data to Feature Objects